菜用大豆毛豆3号高产农艺措施数学模型研究

An Agronomic Model of High-yield Cultivation for Soybean,Maodou 3

为探讨菜用大豆新品种毛豆3号高产栽培技术模式,采取二次回归正交旋转组合设计研究了毛豆3号产量与纯氮、五氧化二磷、氧化钾及种植密度等主要栽培因子的数量关系,建立了产量与4项主要栽培因子关系的数学模型。结果表明施纯氮的增产效果最明显,当纯氮量为225.0kg.hm-2时,产量最高,达10 509.54kg.hm-2;其次是氧化钾,增产较明显,当氧化钾为225.0kg.hm-2时,产量最高,达10 473.44kg.hm-2。在一定范围内,五氧化二磷用量对产量有增产的影响,但超过某一范围,增产呈下降的趋势。种植密度越大,产量反而下降,因该品种分枝性强,控制密度尤为重要。以毛豆3号鲜荚产量在10 000kg.hm-2以上为目标产量的最优栽培方案:纯氮130.05～147.80kg.hm-2,五氧化二磷284.27～313.97kg.hm-2,氧化钾144.77～161.03kg.hm-2,种植密度20.15万～21.33万株.hm-2。

In searching for high yield cultivation techniques for a new vegetable soybean variety,Maodou 3,a mathematical model was established.Correlation between the soybean yield and its major agronomic measures,including N,P2O5,K2O applications and planting density,was studied using a quadric universal rotation design.The results showed that N had the greatest effect on yield among different ferlizers,with a maximum seed yield of 10 509.54 kg·hm-2 at 225.0 kg·hm-2 N fertilization.At the same application level,K2O yielded 10 473.44 kg·hm-2.Within a certain range,increased P2O5 produced higher yield,but the yield declined beyond that range.Higher planting density resulted in lower yield due to the prominant branching characteristics of the cultivar.Therefore,it was important to control the planting density.According to the mathematic model,the optimized agronomic measures for top yield（10 000 kg·hm-2）were： 130.05-147.80 kg·hm-2 N,284.27-313.97 kg·hm-2 P2O5,144.77-161.03 kg·hm-2 K2O and（20.15-21.33）×104 plants·hm-2.