越冬枝条嫁接对红麻雄性不育系与保持系生长发育与越冬抗寒性的影响

Effect of grafting kenaf with overwintering branches on growth and cold resistance of kenaf male sterile lines and maintainer lines

【目的】为建立红麻雄性不育系、保持系与杂交种子生产技术体系提供理论依据。【方法】以南宁单瓣木芙蓉和红麻野生种H040的越冬枝条为砧木,以红麻细胞质雄性不育系763A和保持系763B越冬枝条上的新生芽为接穗,采用单芽切接法嫁接后扦插繁殖,成活后移栽大田与本砧嫁接株和种子繁殖株进行对比试验。【结果】不育系嫁接处理的成活率显著高于保持系嫁接处理,用红麻野生种H040作砧木表现出较高的嫁接成活率,而用木芙蓉作砧木的成活率较低;嫁接处理可使植株矮化,其中以木芙蓉作砧木的矮化效果最显著;嫁接对红麻的现蕾开花始期影响不大;用H040和木芙蓉作砧木的处理,其接穗的梢部枯萎长度显著小于本砧嫁接,表现出较强的越冬抗寒性;结果数的多少与越冬期的梢部枯萎长度呈极显著负相关,结实越多,越冬抗寒性越差。【结论】越冬枝条嫁接对红麻不育系与保持系成活率及越冬抗寒性存在一定差异;嫁接处理可使植株矮化;选择适当的砧木对提高接穗的抗寒性有积极作用。

[Objective]The present study was aimed to provide theoretical basis for establishing production technology system for kenaf male sterile line,maintainer line and hybrid seed production.[Method]In this experiment,one-bud cut-grafting method was used.Buds obtained from overwintering branches of kenaf male sterile line 763A and maintainer line 763B were grafted on new overwintering branches of cotton rose（Hibiscus mutabilis L.）and kenaf wild variety H040,and then cutting in bed.The grafted cutting branches were transplanted in fields and their performance was compared with stock cuttings and scion seedlings.[Result]The results are as follows：（1）The survival rate of grafting with male sterile line was significantly higher than that with maintainer line.When H040 was used as rootstock,the survival rate was recorded higher than others.When the cottonrose was used as rootstock,the survival rate was lower;（2）The grafted plants were dwarf,especially when the cottonrose was used as rootstock;（3）Grafting had little impact on the budding and flowering;（4）The withered top length of the plants was smaller than that of their stock plants when cottonrose and H040 were used as rootstock.The grafted plants showed strong cold resistance;（5）The number of fruits per plant was significantly and negatively correlated with the withered top length of the plants.The higher kenaf fruits were related with worse cold resistance.[Conclusion]The effects of grafting kenaf with overwintering branches on growth and cold resistance of kenaf male sterile lines and maintainer lines were different.The grafted plants were dwarf.Appropriate rootstock could improve the cold resistance of grafted plants.