环塔里木盆地林果防护林规划设计

Current status,planning and design of shelter forest for orchard around Tarim Basin

【目的】探讨环塔里木盆地林果防护林结构、配置模式、树种选择及科学栽植技术,为该地区林果防护林建设提供理论支持与技术指导。【方法】通过分析环塔里木盆地南疆五地州林果防护林建设现状,提出在林果防护林规划设计时应选择的防护林结构、配置模式、树种及科学栽植技术。【结果】环塔里木盆地林果防护林结构类型规划设计分为紧密结构的林带、透风结构的林带和稀疏结构的林带3种;配置模式设计分为主、副林带以生态作用为主的配置模式,主、副林带生态经济兼用的配置模式,绿洲边缘风沙危害严重区主、副林带配置模式3种。【建议】林果防护林树种应具备的条件为:乡土树种,适应性强;生长较果树更快,寿命比果树长;与被防护的果树没有共同的病虫害;枝叶繁茂,根蘖少;灌木则应选用再生性强、枝叶茂盛的树种。

[Objective]The study was an attempt to discuss the structure,configuration mode,choose of tree species and planting technology of shelter forest for orchard around Tarim Basin in order to provide scientific and technological support for construction of shelter forest for orchard in this region.[Method]The structure,configuration mode,choose of tree species and planting technology of shelter forest for orchard were recommended after analyzing the current status of shelter forest for orchard in five cities around Tarim Bain.[Result]The structure of shelter forest for orchard around Tarim Basin could be divided into 3 types,viz.,dense structure,ventilated structure and sparse structure.The modes of configuration could also be divided into 3 types：（1）main and subsidiary forest belts with ecological function;（2）main and subsidiary forest belts with ecological and economic function;（3）configuration mode of main and subsidiary forest belts in severe sandy regions along the oasis edge.[Suggestion]The tree species with strong adaptability,fast growth（faster than fruit tree）,long life span（longer than fruit tree）,lush foliage and less roots,and resistance to disease and insect pests may be selected for developing shelter forest.The frutex should have the advantages of strong regeneration and lush foliage.