草海自然保护区春季鸟类群落结构及现存生物量

Studies on the community structure and retained biomass of spring birds in Caohai Nature Reserve of Guizhou Province in China

2011年春季采用样线法对贵州草海自然保护区的鸟类进行调查,按照生境特征分为农田、蔬菜地、草甸、水域、树林5个鸟类群落,共记录到鸟类89种,隶属15目34科.其中,树林鸟类群落的密度(MD)最高(13.81只.hm-2),草甸鸟类群落的现存生物量(EB)最高(25 057g.hm-2),水域生境中的物种数(47种)、多样性指数(H′=3.08)、优势度(C=0.94)和均匀度指数(J=0.80)均最高.鱼类过度捕捞和频繁的农事活动破坏了鸟类的栖息地,退耕还湿和生态补偿政策势在必行.

A bird survey was conducted in the Caohai Nature Reserve of Guizhou Province by the method of line transect in the spring,2011.According to the habitat characteristics,the avian communities were classified into five catalogues,i.e.,farmland community,vegetable land community,grassland community,water area community and woods community.89 bird species,which belonged to 34 families and 15 orders,were recorded in the five habitats.Among the bird species recorded,the density of avian community in the forest was the highest（13.81 ind·hm-2）,the biomass of avian community in the grassland was the highest（25 057 g·hm-2）,and the number of species（47 species）,Shannon-wiener index（H′=3.08）,predominant index（C=0.94）and species evenness（J=0.80）in the water area were all the highest.Densely farming and fish harvesting activities destroyed the avian habitats.Thus,some policies,such as reverting cultivated land to wetland and eco-compensation,should be practiced as soon as possible in the Caohai Nature Reserve.