泰国水稻生产及对中国的启示

Rice Production in Thailand and Its Enlightenments to China

泰国享有“东南亚粮仓”和“世界米仓”的美名．是亚洲惟一的粮食净出口国和世界主要粮食出口国之一。泰国的稻田共计1078万公顷，约占泰国土地总面积的1／5，占全国耕地总面积的1／2；从事水稻生产的农户400万户，占农业总人口的3／4。稻米年产量近3000万吨，占全球稻米总产量的7％～9％；年出口量为700万-1000万吨之间，占世界稻米贸易总量的25％～35％．是世界第一大稻米出口国。泰国大米种植有5500多年历史，但出口大米历史不过百年，泰国在短短几十年内便成为世界米市无可匹敌的霸主，其中的原因值得探究，其成功的经验值得借鉴。

Thailand which has reputation for ＂granary of South-East Asia＂ and ＂World rice warehouse＂ is only one net food exporter in Asia and one of major food exporters all over the world. The paddy field of Thailand is 10.78 million hectare,occupying a half of countrywide farmland area. There are 4 million peasant households producting rice, which is three quarters of the total agricultural population. The annual production of rice is about 30 million tons, occupying seven percent to nine percent of the total production of the whole world. The annual rice export of Thailand is seven million to 10 million tons, occupying twenty-five percent to thirty- five percent of the total rice trade of the whole world and Thailand is the world＇s largest rice exporter. The history of rice cultivation in Thailand is longer than 5500 years, however, her export history is just a few decades. Thailand has become the rice market unrivaled hegemonist in the world, and the reasons are worth being explored and its experience is worth learning.