不同管护类型毛竹林生物量分配格局及土壤理化特征

Effects of Management and Protection Type on Biomass Distribution and Soil Physical and Chemical Characteristics in Phyllestachys edulis Forests

研究了福建省天宝岩国家级自然保护区毛竹林Ⅰ(挖笋+劈草)、Ⅱ(挖笋+劈草+专用肥)和Ⅲ(挖笋+劈草+专用肥+灌水)等不同管护类型毛竹林的生物量分配格局和土壤理化特征。结果表明:3种林分生物量的排列顺序为Ⅱ>Ⅲ>Ⅰ,分别为287 213.76、240 574.55、128 725.94kg/hm2;3种林分地上部分年分配量的排列顺序为Ⅲ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ,分别为74.75%、74.91%和75.36%。施肥、施肥+灌水等经营措施的实施,提高了林分的总生物量,但是地上部分生物量质量分数有降低的趋势。管护类型不同的毛竹林土壤理化性质存在较大差异,施肥、施肥+灌水措施降低了土壤的容重,提高了土壤孔隙度和持水能力;但是土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、水解氮、速效钾含量降低,可能对林分可持续生产能力产生不利影响。管护类型对土壤酶活性有重要影响,施肥、施肥+灌水等经营措施降低了土壤蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性,但土壤磷酸酶活性升高,较低的过氧化氢酶活性可能抑制毛竹及林下植被的生长。

The biomass maintenance and soil physical and chemical improvement are the key processes in sustainable forestry management. The biomass distribution and soil physical and chemical characteristics were studied in Phyllostachys edulis forests in Tianbaoyan National Na ture Reserve of Fujian Province. Three management types were used as control （ Ⅰ ） 〉 shoot dig- ging and herb chopping （ Ⅱ ） shoot digging, herb chopping, and special fertilizer ; and （ Ⅲ ） with shoot digging, herb chopping, special fertilizer, and irrigation. Bamboo biomass of forests showed the order as Ⅱ （143 998.50 kg/hm2） 〉Ⅲ（105 872.25 kg/hm2） 〉 Ⅰ （56 296.63 kg/ hm2）. The aboveground biomass increment fraction showed the order as 〉Ⅲ （74.75%） 〉Ⅱ （74.91%） 〉Ⅰ （75.36%）. Fertilization and irrigation increased forest biomass, but decreased the aboveground biomass increment fraction. In addition, soil physical and chemical properties were different in bamboo forests with different managements. The treatments with Ⅱ and Ⅲ decreased soil bulk density, but increased water capacity and no-capillary pores. The contents of or ganic matters, total nitrogen, total phosphors, hydrolysable nitrogen, and available potassiumwere decreased under the treatments with Ⅱ and Ⅲ, suggesting the treatments could damage the sustainable forest productivity. Management measures also affected soil enzyme activities. The treatments with Ⅱand Ⅲdecreased soil catalase activity, which might inhibit the growth of bamboo.