马铃薯脱毒微型薯庭院式生产模式研究

Study on Farm-yard Production Model of Virus-free Potato Minituber

通过试验,研制成功一种适用于集中与分散经营的"马铃薯脱毒微型薯庭院式生产模式".该模式以间歇式升降营养液深度技术为基础,结合不同海拔区域的温度、光照、湿度等因素自然调节和通气度、营养液配方人工调节的措施,采取无干扰多次收获的方法延长马铃薯结薯期限,从而提高微型薯生产能力.试验表明:该生产模式马铃薯脱毒微型薯产量2518～3002个/m2(100株/m2),年生产能力约为100～120万个/667m2(平均400 m2有效生产面积).供种系数为1∶250～300.微型薯生产成本为0.04～0.05元/个,平均直径(≥5 cm/个)为5.07～6.65cm,平均重量(≥5 g/个)为5.13～7.54 g/个,具有较强的适应能力,可作为原种进行继代繁殖,亦可直接作为生产用种进行商品薯生产.

Through experiment,the ＂Farm-yard Production Model of Virus-free Potato Minituber＂,applied to centralized and/or decentralized production management,was developed.Based on the Intermittent Rise-Fall Nutrient Depth Technique,combining with natural adjustment of temperature,light,humidity in different altitudes,and artificial adjustment of ventilation and formula of nutrient solution,adopting several times undisturbed harvesting to extend the production period of potato minituber,hence to increase the minituber production capability of plants.The experiment showed that： minituber yield and production capacity of unit area of this production model were 2 518~3 002 minitubers/m2（100plants/m2） and approximately 1.0~1.2 million/667m2（400m2 effective area as average）,respectively.Index of seed tuber supply was 1∶250~300.The unit cost,average diameter and weight of the minituber was 0.04~0.05 yuan/minituber,5.07~6.65 cm（≥5 cm）and 5.13~7.54g/minituber（≥5 g）,respectively,with strong adaptable ability.The minitubers could be used as the original seed for seed tuber propagation,or directly used as seed tubers for commercial potato production.