明中期“茶马互市”政策下民间贸易盛行的原因

The Cause of Non-government Trade’s Prevalence under the Tea-Horse Trade Market Policy in the mid-Ming Dynasty

明初政府垄断性质的"茶马互市"政策到中后期发生较大变化,民间贸易盛行,商营冲击官营,且越来越多地体现出商品贸易的经济属性。究其原因,不仅与明初制定的"以茶驭番"的政治策略有关,而且与政府推行的茶马交易比价、政府本身的经营和管理及官员自身素质等有很大关系。

The Tea-Horse Trade Market policy monopolized by government in the early Ming Dynasty changed a lot in the middle and later periods.Non-government trade was prevalent;private business im-pacted oficial business,which increasingly refiected the economic attributes of merchandise trade.The main reasons included the political strategy that ＂government controlled the minority with tea＂,government’s rate of exchange in Tea-Horse trade,government operation and management and oficials’ qualities etc.