论法官在民商事案件证明责任分配中的自由裁量权

On the Discretion of a Judge in Burden of Proof Distribution in Civil and Commercial Cases

充分、有效地与当事人沟通,坚持公平、公正的原则,从而正确运用法官自由裁量权对证明责任进行分配,有利于查清案件事实,促进司法公正。结合审判实际讨论了法官在不同情况下如何坚持一定的原则,根据不同情形,正确运用自由裁量权进行证明责任分配等问题,如在没有法律、法规、及司法解释具体规定的情形下,法官在运用自由裁量权进行证明责任分配时应遵守诚实信用、程序公开透明、公平公正、经验惯例、综合平衡等原则。在双方地位不平等,可能导致显示公平的情形下,法官需要结合具体案情,根据相关原则进行具体证明责任分配。

Fully and effectively communicating with the litigant,adhering to the principles of fairness and justice,and the correct use of discretion of a judge in burden of proof distribution can ascertain the facts of a case and promote the judicial fairness.Based on factual trial judge,this article discusses how to adhere to fairness principles in different situations.According to different circumstances,how a judge should correctly use the discretion in the distribution of the burden of proof and other problems,such as in the absence of laws,regulations and judicial interpretations.A judge,in the use of discretion in the burden of proof distribution,should observe the principle of honesty and credit,open and transparent procedures,experience and practice,comprehensive balance.In case of a unequal status of two parties that may lead to a show fair circumstance,a judge needs to consider the specific case and distribute the burden of proof according to relevant principles.