唐山大地震孤儿远期心身健康的调查研究

Long-term effects of Tangshan Earthquake on Psychosomatic Health of Orphans

目的:探讨遭受唐山大地震严重精神创伤的孤儿远期心身健康状况。方法:以经受唐山大地震且父母在地震中震亡的孤儿57例为研究组,对照组为经历唐山大地震的非孤儿47例。两组之间均完成了唐山大地震儿童心身健康调查问卷和标准化评定工具的调查、评定和诊断。结果:57例孤儿中目前有13例诊断为心理创伤后应激障碍(PTSD),而对照组中仅有1例。孤儿组SAS总分和标准分、SDS总分和标准分、SCL-90中阳性项目数、躯体化、焦虑、敌对、其它因子、CMI中疲劳感、抑郁、愤怒因子分均显著高于对照组。结论:孤儿组目前存在心理问题较多,其原因可能是孤儿所承受的精神创伤的强度严重于对照组,尤其是缺乏父母情感依附而使孤儿应付应激能力降低,另外,反复体验创伤性经历会干扰他们正常心理活动过程。

Objective:to explore long term effects of Tangshan Earthquake on psychosomatic health of earthquake orphans.Method:A total of 57 earthquake orphans and 47 controls were interviewed with the Questionnaire of Psychological and Physical Health for Children that Experienced Tangshan Earthquake and several standard asseumant instruments.Results:Thirteen orphans and only one control were diagnosed PTSD.Compared to control group,the study group scored higher on SAS,SDS,somatization,anxiety,hostile and other factor scores of SCL-90,and feel worry,depression,anxiety factors of CMI.Conclusion:Orphans who experienced Tangshan Earthquake have more psychological problems possiby because of stronger psychological trauma than control group.Lack of attachment to parents can reduce their ability to coping with stress and repeated flashback of traumatic experience can also disturb their normal psychological process.