吉田茂“中苏离间论”评述——吉田茂政治思想及其对华政策的视角

On Shigeru Yoshida's Alienation between China and USSR——A Study on Yoshida's Political Ideology and Policy towards China

"中苏离间论"既是战后国际冷战格局作用于保守主义思想代表人物吉田茂的产物,同时也承继战前吉田思想,内含了吉田政治思想中"反共主义"、"经济主义"、亲美英的"对美追随主义"等侧面,可以作为吉田政治思想及其对华政策研究的切入点。1954年吉田携其"中苏离间论"出访欧美,目的是欲以他的"离间中苏"构想为手段游说美国,以求美国同意日本调整对华政策,发展对华贸易,这充分体现了吉田政治思想"现实主义"的侧面。此访未果,意味着对外以"对美追随主义"为第一要义的吉田政府在谋求调整对华政策上的努力以失败告终。此后至美国转变对华政策,中日邦交正常化,战后日本历届政府只得以"政经分离"为政策原则与中国发展经贸关系。

The theory of the alienation between China and USSR was not only the product acted on the conservative representative Shigeru Yoshida in the Cold War, but also inherited his pre-war thinking. It contains the anticommunism, economic doctrine, and the pro-Anglo-American ＂following the US＂ doctrine, and it can be an entry point for the research of the Yoshiga＇ s ideology and his policy towards China. In 1954 ,in order to alienate China and USSR and persuade America to agree that Japan could adjust its policy to develop the trade relationship between Japan and China, Shigeru Yoshida visited Europe and America. His visiting profoundly showed his realism in Yoshida＇ s ideological system. However, his visiting didn＇ t succeed. The failure of his visit meant that Yoshida＇ s seeking to adjust his China policy in his administration which took the followAmerica doctrine as the primary policy ended. From his visit to the change of the US policy towards China and the normalization of the diplomatic relations between China and Japan ,Japan had to follow the ＂political and eco- nomic separation＂ principle in the development of the trade relations with China.