试论二战后美国托管冲绳政策的形成(上)

The U.S.Policy Evolution of Trust Ryukyu after World War Ⅱ

位于中国东海东缘,介于日本九州岛至中国台湾岛之间的琉球群岛(其中包括冲绳群岛)是扼守大陆进出太平洋的门户,是连接西南太平洋和北太平洋主要航线的必经之地,地缘战略地位极其重要。二战后期,以美国为首的盟国曾考虑过中美联合托管冲绳的方案。1945年6月,美军攻占冲绳以后,主要从对日本本土进行作战的军事需要出发,开始经营冲绳。此后,随着东西冷战的加剧和蒋介石政权在大陆的败亡,美国则从遏制共产主义的冷战战略出发,考虑对日媾和后的冲绳的地位问题。美国开始把冲绳作为从阿留申群岛到日本,从日本再到琉球、中国台湾、菲律宾、印尼、中南半岛的欧亚大陆沿岸,西太平洋上的新月形防共遏制战略链条上的基轴来经营,逐渐走向了以联合国的名义由美国来托管冲绳的道路。

Ryukyu Islands(including Okinawa Islands)are important strategic geographic place and the access connecting the Southwest Pacific Ocean with the North Pacific Ocean.It guards the pass through the Pacific Ocean,skirting along the East China Sea,between China's Taiwan Island and Japan's Ryukyu Islands.In the late World War II,the Allied Powers leading by U.S.considered the plan of Sino-U.S joint Trust Okinawa Islands.After U.S.occupied it in June,1945,U.S.began to manage Okinawa based on military needs against the Japan's native country.After that,with the worsening Cold War and Chiang Kai Shek's regime defeated in the mainland,U.S.took into account the status of Okinawa after negotiation with Japan from the perspective of containing the communism.U.S.took Okinawa as a crescent-shaped base countering communism from Aleutian Islands to Japan,Ryukyu,Taiwan,Philippines,Indonesia and the Indochina Peninsula along the Eurasian Continent in the West Pacific Ocean.Ryukyu Islands were gradually under U.S trusteeship in the name of United Nations.