国际责任法上私人行为归属于国家问题研究

On Attribution of Private Conduct to State in the Law of International Responsibility

在国际责任法上,私人行为在特定情形下应当归属于国家,但私人行为之所以归属于国家的内在逻辑和法理依据并不明确。这将影响、制约对私人行为归属于国家的具体情形和事由的理解适用,以及这些特定的归责情形和事由自身的变化发展。为此,需要在国家及其行为和私人行为之间确立一种"相当因果关系",以此为框架分析界定各种情形下的私人行为是否应当归属于国家。对此,需要根据国家的相关义务以及特定情形下"行为归属"的因果关系的共识观念和国际法规则,在具体的行为情形中予以确定行为归属问题。

Private conduct in the special condition should attribute to state in the law of international responsibility, but why private conduct should attribute to state has not been figured out. The confusion on inherent logic and jurisprudence basis will affect and limit understanding and application for conditions on which private conduct should attribute to state depend, and these conditions itself development. A ＂relevant causality＂ between state act and private conduct should be constructed, and confirm whether private conduct in the various circumstances should attribute to state under the framework of ＂relevant causality＂. Private conduct briefly involves two types of conditions that ＂sole private conduct＂ and ＂private conduct in fact acting on the instructions of,or under the direction or control of state＂. The problem of attribution of private conduct to state can be solved by complying with state＇ s relevant obligations, and common ideas of causality and norms of international law about ＂act attribution＂ in concrete condition.