高速动车组线路运行适应性

Running adaptability of high-speed EMU

建立了高速动车组车辆系统非线性动力学仿真模型,采用数值仿真方法,结合线路实际运营情况,分别从车轮型面磨耗与轮轨关系匹配、一系定位刚度与等效锥度匹配角度,研究了高速动车组运动稳定性和线路运行适应性。分析结果表明:轮轨匹配关系和车辆悬挂参数是影响高速动车组线路运行适应性最重要的2种因素;车轮踏面凹形磨耗比同等深度的均匀磨耗对稳定性的影响更大;一系定位刚度大的转向架易发生低锥度失稳,而一系定位刚度小的转向架在磨耗等效锥度变大时稳定性不足;在设计动车组时,需要根据运营线路对动力学性能的要求,选择合理的轮轨匹配关系和与之适应的悬挂参数;对一系定位刚度较小的转向架,可以采用初始锥度很小的LMA踏面;对一系定位刚度很大的转向架,需要采用等效锥度大于0.10的轮轨匹配;在动车组运营过程中,需要防止车轮踏面凹形磨耗,并通过打磨等手段维护合理的钢轨型面。

A nonlinear dynamics simulation model of vehicle system was set up for high-speed EMU（electric multiple units）. The actual running conditions were considered, the numerical simulation method was adopted to research the running adaptability and stability of EMU, and the matching relationships of wheel profile wear and wheel/rail contact geometry, primary guiding stiffness and equivalent conicity were analyzed. Analysis result indicates that wheel/rail matching relationship and vehicle suspension parameters are the most important factors affecting the running adaptability. The hollow wear of wheel tread has greater influence on the running stability than the uniform wear with the same wear depth. The bogie with large guiding stiffness is unstable when the low conicity tread is used, while the bogie with small guiding stiffness is also unstable when the equivalent conicity increases because of wear. In the design process of EMU, the proper wheel/rail profile matching relationship and suspension parameter optimization are determined according to the dynamics requirement of running line. For the bogie with small primary guiding stiffness, LMA type wheel tread with small initial conicity is used. While for the bogie with large guiding stiffness, wheel/rail matching relationship with equivalent conicity larger than 0.10 is required. During EMU operation, the hollow wear of wheel tread should be prevented, and the reasonable rail profile is maintained through grinding rail. 8 figs, 14 refs.