新农村建设语境中的古村落保护与发展——以陕西为例

The Preservation and Development of Ancient Villages In the New Rural Construction——Taking Shaan'xi as the example

古村落是我国漫长农耕文明的结晶,隐藏着丰富的历史文化信息,属于一种使用中的文物。在当前新农村建设的大背景下,古村落如何跟上时代的步伐,获得可持续的发展动力,实现保护与发展的双赢是紧迫而艰巨的任务。"修旧如旧"和"有机更新"是古村落保护和发展的两大原则。前者可以确保古村落的文物性质,后者有助于古村落找到发展的动力。两者的有机结合,古村落才可能在新农村建设中走出与其他村落不同的路径:生产发展上,定位要"旧",思路要"新";生活宽裕上,要处理好传统与现代的关系;乡风文明上,要重视宗族关系和务实精神的培养;村容整洁上,要重视保护其历史属性;管理民主上,要体现更多的人情化味道,侧重人性化管理。

As the cultural artifact in use, ancient villages in China are the valuable relics with a long-term agricultural civilization and a plenty of historical and cultural information. Under the current new rural construction, it is urgent and arduous for the ancient village how to keep step with the times, obtain sustainable development motivation, and make win-win achievements both in preserva- tion and development. There are two main principles in the preservation and development of ancient villages, which are ＂maintaining as it is＂ and ＂renewing or heritage property of the ancient village, while the latter can ga h nically＂. The former one can keep the elp it to gain development impetus. By integrating both of them, ancient villages would find a way different from others. In developing pro- duction, the orientation should be ＂old＂ and the thoughts demand ＂new＂. Firstly in pursuing a well- to-do life the balance should be stroke between the tradition and the modern times. Also in saving the local custom and civilization, account should be taken into the cultivation of clanship and spirit. Additionally in building a clean and tidy village, much attention should be paid to the practical historical attribute. Above all in practicing the democratic management, more humanized interests should be re-flected particularly in the humanistic management.