别尔嘉耶夫客体化世界批判理论研究

The Study of Berdyaev's Critical Theory on the Objectificated World

别尔嘉耶夫的整个理论是建立在对客体化世界观批判基础之上的,他认为时代的危机源于客体化。他认为客体化是外化,是堕落,是精神对自己的异化。客体化的特征表现为客体对主体的异化、普遍性对个性的吞噬、必然性对自由的先在和无个性的个体理解。他认为人的类思维特征倾向于客体化,倾向于凯撒王国而非精神王国。客体化以及伴随着它的异化之所以发生,就是因为人们不去寻求上帝王国,而是寻找奴役人的凯撒王国。所以,别尔嘉耶夫认为,要想摆脱客体化世界对人的奴役,必须要改变人的错误的意识结构。

Berdyaev＇s theory was constructed on the basis of the criticism on the objectificated outlook on world and he believed that the crisis of this time was originated from objectification. He considered that objectification is externalization, falling and the alienation generated from the spirit to its own. The characteristics of objectification were displayed as the alienation generated from the object to the subject, the swallow from universality to specificity, and the individual understanding from certainty to free preexistence and characterless individual. Berdyaev thought that human being＇s thinking features tended to be objectification and was liable to be Caesar＇s kingdom rather than spiritual anarchy. The occurrence of objectification and its following alienation was due to human being＇s pursuing the enslaved Caesar＇s kingdom instead of the God kingdom. So, Berdyaev considered if you wanted to get rid of the enslavedness that the objectificated world exerted on human beings, you must change the wrong consciousness structure firstly.