民族的政治和文化属性

On nationality's political and cultural attribute

本文首先对争议不断的"民族"概念进行了梳理,并提出作者的观点。按照中国人的理解,以生物性、血缘性及传统文化为认同依据的民族在古代就存在了。中国的民族出现的具体时间难以考证,但是我们可以确定一个标准,即出现阶级划分和地域认同是民族形成的标志,这样,民族就形成于部落及其联盟瓦解的基础之上了,也就是民族与早期国家的形成基本同时。在此基础上,对民族的政治属性进行了深入分析,从多种角度对"政治民族"、"文化民族"的提法进行了分析和质疑。所谓"政治民族"就是国民或公民共同体,是一个清晰的政治、法律概念,而"文化民族"从来未曾存在过。我们称所有国民为"中国人"或"中国人民"、"中华人民",是一个非常清晰并且能够激起爱国主义情绪的概念。把西方自己都搞不清楚的Nation概念生拉硬扯到我国的民族理论体系中来,毫无必要。本文最后部分剖析了民族的政治属性对国家、国民认同的影响。

The author firstly sorts out the always controversial concept of ＂nationality＂ and proposes his own idea. According to the Chinese understanding, nationality whieh is identified on the basis of the eharacteristics of biology, consanguinity and traditional culture had come into being since the ancient times. When did the nationality-appear in China is hard to be investigated, however, a standard can be ascertained, name- ly, the emerging of class division and terrain identification is the mark of the formation of nationality. Thus, nationality come into being from tribes and collapse of their alliance, that is to say, the formation of nationality was in the same period of a country in the early time. And then, the author discusses the political attribute in depth, analyzing and questioning the＇concepts of ＂political nationality＂ and ＂cultural nationality＂ from many perspectives. The so - called ＂political natibnality＂ is just the community of civilians or citizen ; it is a clear political and legal concept, while ＂cultural nationality＂ had never existed. We call all civilians as ＂the Chi- nese＂ or ＂the Chinese people＂, or ＂All - China people＂, this is a very clear concept that can arouse patriotism emotion. It is unnecessary to reluctantly forcefully put the concept of ＂nation＂ which is not completely understood by the western world into our ethnic theory system. In the last, the author analyzes the influence of nationality＇s political attribute on the nation and the citizen identification.