尾矿库溃坝模型设计及试验方法

Test and Design of Tailings Dam Model

在简要回顾前人有关模拟方法研究成果的基础上,分析了尾矿库溃坝及其模型试验的特点,理清了设计思路,提出了模型相似条件,然后以预备试验为依托,通过模型尾沙选择与要求、模型制作、测验手段等环节的研究,进一步论述了尾矿库溃坝模型的设计方法与试验方法。尾矿库溃坝模型设计应遵循水流重力相似、水流阻力相似、水流挟沙相似、尾沙悬移相似、河床变形相似及尾沙起动相似等条件;模型沙可选择容重适中、化学性质稳定的拟焦沙;模型试验的工作步骤:给出尾矿库最可能的溃坝方式及对下游影响最大的典型情况,确定尾矿库最终高程,选配合适的模型沙,设计溃坝模型,测出尾矿库溃坝坝址流量、水位过程线和冲沙率以及向下游的洪水演进情况,提出可行的下游保护方案、工程措施及综合防治对策,确定尾矿库最终堆积标高。

Based on the model test, further discussions about the design method of the tailings dam failure model and the test method was presented in this paper through the model selection, requirements and tailings model manufacture. This paper analyzed the characteristics and the model test of the tailing dam, and presented a model similar conditions based on the achievements of previous research about simulation method. The results show that： the design of the railings dam should follow the laws of resistance similar, water sediment carrying capacity similar, tailings sediment similar, bed deformation similar and sediment incipient motion similar; the sediment of which the bulk density is light and the chemical stability is good can be chosen as the model sediment; the most ability dam-bursting mode, the biggest impact on downstream typical case, calculation of the eventually elevation of tailing dam, the discharge from the site of tailing dam, flood control level hydrograph and the flood routing are presented in the model experiment. Moreover, the feasible downstream protection solutions, comprehensive prevention and control measures are presented in this paper.