基于偏好度与竞争态的中国区域外资利用研究

Research on Regional Difference of FDI Utilization based on the Preference Degree and Competition State in China

将偏好度和竞争态模型引入外资利用研究中,并据此对2000和2009年中国24个地区的外资利用情况进行实证研究,结论为:1)偏好度和竞争态是一种有效分析区域外资利用变化趋势和特征的方法,能更全面地把握外资来源地的时空结构及其演变特征,建立合理的区域外资来源地结构体系;2)各地外资偏好度和竞争态结构基本健全,类型分布和成员组成虽不理想但日趋合理,区域外资利用总体呈"欧洲偏爱北方、亚洲偏爱南方"特征,外资引进重心长期稳定于香港、日本、新加坡、台湾等亚太或毗邻地区,地缘作用影响显著,近年向欧洲和美洲集聚,尤其是美国,但不同地区外资竞争态和偏好度各类型内成员分化显著,且同一地区内不同外资来源地的偏好度和竞争态差异悬殊;3)2000年以来中国区域外资偏好度普遍下降,尤其是东部和西部,各类偏好度和竞争态的成员数量变化剧烈,且偏好度类别演替和竞争态转移现象显著,尤其是强偏好和金牛及明星引资地;4)外资竞争态和偏好度及其变化的相关性不显著,西部尤其是西北地区被边缘化,港澳台对外资利用贡献差异明显,香港最优而澳门最差;5)外资引进目标地分类及其战略选择为优势稳定型——收获性和开拓性战略、优势增长型——开拓性和扩张性战略、优势下降型——选择性战略、劣势稳定型——选择性和撤退性战略。

Introducing preference degree and competition state model in the re search of FDI utility accordingly, the paper probes into the FDI development of 24 provincial regions in China in 2000 and 2009. i） Preference degree and competitive state model are effective method that use of analysis the trends and characteristics of regional FDI, it＇s more comprehensive to grasp the space-time structure and its changes characteristics and to establish a ratio- nal architecture of regional FDI origin place. 2） Over preference degree and competitive state structure is basically sound, the type-distribution and its members not ideal, but is becoming more rational. Generally, there has a ~Eu- ropean preference for the north, Asian preference for the South＂ features of FDI, and long-term stability focus on Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan and other Asia-Pacific or adjacent areas, the geographical effects influence sig nificantly, and in recent years becoming to concentration in Europe and Ameri- ca, especially U.S., but various types of preference degree and competitive state of members are significant different of different regions and the dif ferent source of FDI values are disparity in the same area. 3） The preference degree of China＇s FDI was generally decreased since 2000, especially in the eastern and western. The number of members is change rapid in different types of preference degree and competitive state, and their marked significant transfer phenomenon, especially in strong preferences and Taurus and the stars foreign investment place. 4） There was no significant correlation in prefer- ence degree and competitive state of FDI, Western was marginalized particular- ly in the Northwest, the role of china＇s FDI utilization are marginalized in Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan, Hong Kong is best but Macao worst. 5） The clas- sification and strategic of foreign investment target include the advantage stability--harvesting and pioneering strategies, dominant growth-oriented--pi- oneering and expansion strategies, strengths down type--selective strategies, weaknesses stable-- selective and withdrawal strategy.