上海地区国外树种引种调查分析

Introduction Survey and Analysis of Exotic Trees and Shrubs in Shanghai

为了给上海辰山植物园5大洲植物引种项目提供必须的树种材料,对上海20年来国外树种的引种情况进行调查分析,对其科属分布、种源地情况、生态位、园林用途进行研究。结果表明:(1)槭树科的木本植物引种数量最多,其次是豆科和桃金娘科;(2)美洲区系植物引种最多,达71种,其次为欧洲区系31种;(3)生态位分析结果为乔木数量最多,达到108种,灌木67种;(4)引种植物中落叶树种112种,多于常绿树种的71种;(5)引种方向主要是耐盐碱、耐水湿或有一定耐寒、耐热能力的树种;(6)引种树种在园林绿化中主要用作行道树、园景树、庭园树、水土保持林、花坛、花境和隔离带等。

In order to supply necessary materials for Chenshan Shanghai botanical garden with the project of planting introduction from 5 continents,the classification,provenance,ecological niche and landscape use of exotic trees and shrubs in Shanghai were analyzed based on the introduction survey in recent 20 years.The results showed that：（1）the Aceraceae had the largest number in species among all the introduced families,and Leguminosae and Myrtaceae followed the 2nd and 3rd .（2）There were 71 species introduced from America flora,31 species were from European area as next.（3）From niche point of view,the tree had the largest number reach 108 species,and 67 species were shrubs.（4）The deciduous species had 112 and evergreen had 71 species.（5）Most introduced species possessed the ecological characters of salt-alkali tolerance,water resistance and cold,heat endurance.（6）These exotic species were mainly used as street trees,specimen trees,courtyard trees,soil and water conservation forest,flower bed,flower border and shelter forest and so on.