裂腹鱼类种质多样性研究综述

Review of Studies on the Germplasm Resources of the Schizothoracinae Fishes

裂腹鱼类隶属于鲤形目鲤科裂腹鱼亚科,目前已记录有12属90种(亚种),是鲤科鱼类中为数不多的适应于亚洲中部青藏高原地区自然条件的一个自然类群。整个裂腹鱼类呈现出以青藏高原为中心的分布格局,中国是世界上裂腹鱼类种类分布最多的国家。目前,随着对鱼类种质资源研究越来越受到人们的关注,裂腹鱼类作为产地名贵经济鱼类,其种质资源已成为了研究的热点。主要从形态分类、物种多样性、地理分布、细胞水平、生化水平和分子水平等,对多年来裂腹鱼类种质资源研究方面的进展进行了综述,以期为裂腹鱼类资源的保护和利用提供基础资料。

The schizothoracinae fishes,commonly known as mountain carps,which belong to schizothoracinae,cyprinidae and cypriniforme,comprise 90 species （subspecies） and 12 genera.Almost all species in schizothoracinae are the wild species of big to middle size with highly scientific and economic value.The group of fishes are mainly distributed in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and its adjacent area.Especially,most of the species in schizothoracinae live in China and many are endemic to China.The germplasm resources,also biodiversity,cytology resources,means the gene pool of species.The germplasm resources can be studied by the methods of morphology,cell biology,biochemistry and molecular biology.With the development of study on the germplasm resources of fishes,the germplasm resources of the schizothoracinae fishes has become one of research foci today.This paper reviews the progress of study on the germplasm resources of the schizothoracinae fishes,including the researches in the classification,species diversity,geographic distribution,cytology,biochemistry and molecular biology of the group,so as to supply scientific data for the conservation and utilization of the schizothoracinae fishes.