中国农村土地产权改革分析

Analysis of the Rural Land Property Rights Reform of China

围绕中国农村土地产权改革问题,中国社会各界多年来争论激烈,私有化、集体化、国有化等思路皆有支持者。为了深入理解这场争论,澄清中国农村土地产权改革的实质,对一般意义上的所有权和使用权进行了细致厘定,并分析了中国农村土地产权改革的历史。通过研究得出,中国土地产权改革实质上是沿着将所有权的内容转移到使用权之中的方向推进。这一改革路径在名义所有制不变的前提下一定程度上实现了实质性的私有化。所以,当前关于土地改革的争论,在表面的分歧背后,存在一种私有化的共识,区别只在于名义上的农村土地所有权的归属,而这个问题意义不大。农村土地改革的真正难点在于中央政策的严格、有力执行。这种认识有助于以后的理论探讨不再纠结于表面问题,健康向前推进,转向更具实质意义、能为实践提供更加有效地指导的问题上去。

People have been arguing on the rural land property rights reform of China intensively for many years.Thoughts of privatization,collectivization,nationalization,and so on,are supported respectively and seemly no consensus exists.In order to understand the argument deeply and clarify the essence of the reform,the author elaborated the general meaning of the two concepts-right of ownership and right of use,and then analyzed the history of the reform.Accordingly,it is concluded that the rural land property rights reform of China is essentially a process of transferring the content of ownership to the right of use.The reform by this way has actualized the substantial privatization to a certain extent on the premise of keeping the nominal ownership untouched.As a result,although there are apparent divergences,consensus of privatization exists in the present disputation on the rural land reform,scholars just disagree on the belonging of the nominal ownership,which is not a significant problem.The real difficulty of the rural land reform lies in the strict implementation of policies issued by the central government.This understanding will free people from arguing about superficial problem,and forward theoretical discussion to focus on more meaningful and practical subjects.