干旱农牧区内蒙古磴口县生态足迹及生态承载力动态变化

The Dynamic Changes of Ecological Footprint and Ecological Carrying Capacity in Dengkou County,Inner Mongolia in the Arid Agricultural and Pastoral Areas

为了探索和掌握干旱农牧区人口增加与耕地资源相互变化状况,确定土地优化配置结构,为干旱区的可持续发展和生态平衡提供科学依据,应用生态足迹计算模型,以磴口县和巴彦淖尔市的统计资料为依据,对磴口县1986年和2007年的生态状况进行计算与分析。结果表明,1986年和2007年,磴口县生态赤字分别为1.3607×104、30.3876×104hm2。2007年磴口县生态赤字较1986年增长21.33倍。1986—2007年期间,人均生态承载力增加0.5966hm2/cap,人均生态足迹增加2.8828hm2/cap,即人均生态承载力增速大大低于人均生态足迹,该区域生态系统处于不可持续发展状态。造成生态赤字的主要原因是:(1)草场严重超载;(2)农业盲目开垦土地资源;(3)人口增长;(4)人民生活质量的提高和对生物资源与能源消费的增加和需求。

In order to explore and master the relationship between the population growth in the arid pastoral areas and changes in land resources,and determine the structure of optimal allocation of land,and to provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development and ecological balance in arid areas,the author made use of ecological footprint model,basing on the statistics of Dengkou and Bayannur,and calculated and analyzed the ecological conditions of Dengkou County in 1986 and 2007.The results showed that the ecological deficit of Dengkou County was 1.3607×10 4 and 30.3876×10 4 hm 2 in 1986 and 2007.Ecological deficit of the Dengkou County in 2007 was 21.33 times to that in 1986.During 1986 to 2007,the average ecological carrying capacity increased by 0.5966 hm 2 /cap,the average ecological footprint increased by 2.8828 hm 2 /cap,which meant that the growth rate of the average ecological capacity was significantly lower than the average ecological footprint,the ecosystem development was unsustainable.The main reasons for the ecological deficit were：（1） grassland overloaded seriously;（2） people blindly reclaimed agricultural land resources;（3） the population was increasing fast;（4） the improvement of the quality of life and increasing demand for biological resources and energy consumption.