无过错责任原则的经济分析

An Economic Analysis on Strict Liability Principle

采用法律经济学的分析方法,以效率为视角并突出侵权责任法的预防功能来研究无过错责任原则,可以发现无过错责任原则在其适用的领域内,不仅能使侵权行为的外部性成本更好内部化,促使侵权人积极预防以减少侵权行为、降低侵权行为的危害程度,促使侵权人在追求自己利益最大化的过程中实现了社会的最优预防水平;而且还能节约司法资源,并通过免除了受害人举证过错的成本支出而使更多受害人能获得损害赔偿。从效率考察,无过错责任原则比过错责任原则更具优越性。

This paper tries to use the law of economic analysis method to study strict liability principle, with a view of highlighting the prevention function of the tort law and the efficiency. According to the analysis, strict liability principle in its applicable fields can make the externalities of infringement cost internalize better, prompt the tort-feasor to reduce active measures to prevent infringement, reduce the harm of the infringing act, prompt the infringer to pursue their own benefit and to achieve the optimal level of social prevention in the process; what is more, it can save the judicial resources, and make more victims get compensation for damage through exempting the cost of offering proofs that the tortfeasor is negligent or intentional. Therefore, strict liability principle has more advantages than fault liability principle in efficiency.