前寒武纪地质学研究进展与前景

Precambrian Research in China: New Advances and Perspectives

前寒武纪地质学是地质科学重要分支学科之一,以地球早期演化历史为主要研究对象。近几年我国前寒武纪地层学、前寒武纪构造演化、前寒武纪古生物学和前寒武纪成矿作用等方面的研究取得重要进展。在高精度微区测年技术的支持下,相继建立了鞍山、泰山和五台山等早前寒武纪经典地区的年代格架,推动了华北克拉通早前寒武纪构造格架的研究;中国晚前寒武纪Rodinia超大陆的研究引起了国内外地学界的广泛参与和关注。震旦系陡山沱组古生物研究取得重要突破,明确的年龄和丰富的早期动物化石记录使华南的震旦系成为研究埃迪卡拉时期古环境和生物演化的理想地区。从下马岭组、铁岭组和高于庄组中新获得的锆石U-Pb年龄为华北中元古代地层格架的重新建立提供了重要的年代学制约。尽管我国前寒武纪地质研究取得了重要进展,但目前依然面临着严峻的挑战,人才流失和创新能力不足成为制约学科发展的瓶颈。但是,对我国社会经济发展有重要影响的大宗矿产多与前寒武纪相关,经济快速发展对资源的强烈需求为前寒武纪地质学学科发展提供了新的机遇。

Precambrian Geology is an important branch of geological science,and basically study the early evolution history of Earth.In recent years,important progresses have made on aspects as Precambiran stratigraphy,Precambrian tectonic evolution,Precambrian paleontology,Precambrian mineralization,etc.On the support of high precision zircon U-Pb dating technique（LA-ICPMS and SHRIMP）,chronological framework of the early Precambrian classic areas such as Anshan,Taishan and Wutaishan has been established,which has greatly promoted the study of the early Precambrian tectonic framework in North China Craton.The progresses of late Precambrian Rodinia supercontinent have brought about the widespread attention and participation among the geologists at home and abroad.Recently,paleontology study in Doushantuo formation,Sinica system,has got great advanced,the definite age and abundant early stage animal fossils make it become the ideal site for studying the paleo-environment and biological evolution in Ediacaran period.The zircon U-Pb ages newly obtained from Xiamaling Formation,Tieling Formation and Gaoyuzhuang Formation provide an important chronological constraint to re-establish the chronostratigraphic framework of Meso-and Neoproterozoic succession in North China craton.Although important achievements has been made,Precambrian Geology in China still faced with a severe challenge,the factors such as brain drain and inadequate innovation ability restrict the development of Precambrian Geology.However,the strong demand for mineral resources in the future provides good opportunities for development of Precambrian Geology,as most staple mineral resources influencing greatly on social economic development in China are formed in Precambrian.