唐宋“军伶”考

A Study of Junling in the Tang Dynasty

军伶指服务军营的各类音乐演艺人员,唐宋的军伶是在汉魏以来的军队鼓吹基础上发展起来的。唐朝时期,受京城上层社会宴饮必备音乐风气的影响,军队中开始聚集各种类别的音乐演艺人员,并设乐营进行管理。和鼓吹用于战争不同,军伶主要是在军队的宴会上进行表演。唐代乐营对军伶管理较为松散,他们不需集中军营,有宴会时才召集他们,平时他们则为生存物资而游走于士人官宦之家。宋代的军伶则完全隶属于军营,只有军营放停才能有自己的时间。军伶一词的出现实际上是宫廷音乐世俗化的表现,也是唐代京城上层音乐娱乐方式向地方下层普及的反映。

This paper studies Junling,all kinds of lingren （musicians,dancers,and acrobatics etc. ） who served the military forces in the Tang Dynasty. Junling had a root of Guchui in the army camp in the Han Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, the upper classes of society at the central level enjoyed banquets and dinners with lingren. Affected by the lif- estyle,there appeared lingren in the local Army camp. Different from the Guchui for war,Junling mainly performed in banquets of army. Nonetheless, Junling did not reside in the Army camp. They only came there when needed. They were giving performances for Shi （scholars-bureaucrat） and officials in the rest of the time. By contrast, they were subordinated to the army camp in the Song Dynasty. Emergence of the term of Junling is actually a secularization of court music and is the reflection that the top music entertainment of the capital of the Tang Dynasty spread to the lo- cal.