成人期基本认知能力的发展状况研究

A DEVELOPMENTAL STUDY OF PRIMARY COGNITIVE ABILITIES IN ADULTS

从横向与纵向两种角度，通过比较、分析不同年龄的成人在五项认知测验上的成绩，考察了成人期几项基本认知能力的发展状况。横向比较表明，各项能力随年龄增长基本呈不断下降趋势，但下降的显著程度在不同项目或年龄组有不同表现。纵向分析显示，经过三年，在各项测验上成绩提高或保持稳定的人数占相当大的比例；除词汇理解外，成绩降低的人数百分比从６０岁或７０岁开始大幅度提升。

This study examined age differences and age-related changes in adults' primary cognitive abilities.Cross-sectional and longitudinal data were analyzed. The results indicated significant mean level declinein primary cognitive abilities. However, dissimilarities between different abilities were apparent in thetiming and rate of decline. Over a 3-year interval, wide individual differences became noticeable in thedirection and rate of change, and reliable decrement of most abilities appeared only in the group overage 60 or 70.