龙门石窟潜溪寺凝结水定量测试研究

Quantification Research on Condensation Water on Qianxi Temple of Longmen Grottoes

龙门石窟雕琢于碳酸盐岩体之中,受水的侵蚀破坏十分严重,而凝结水病害是水侵蚀中不容忽视的一个问题。潜溪寺是龙门石窟凝结水病害比较典型的一个石窟。凝结水的定量测试是评价凝结水病害和分析其形成机理的重要手段。采用专门的测试设备在龙门石窟潜溪寺现场测定凝结水的凝结速率和凝结水量,主要包括试验仪器的率定试验和凝结水的定量采集试验,通过率定试验得到了试验时间和试验仪器误差的曲线关系,定量采集试验得到不同时间段的凝结速率。结合现场监测的凝结面积和生成凝结水的时间计算凝结水量。试验结果表明,试验仪器误差水量与时间可以拟合为线性关系;2010年潜溪寺的凝结水生成总量为200.68 kg,其量相当可观;潜溪寺内凝结水的生成速率上午最大,晚上最小;结合笔者前期研究成果分析,潜溪寺2006—2010年期间的年生成凝结水量呈波动状态,凝结水量的波动与年度的气候变化有关;2008年以来,潜溪寺的凝结水量有增多的趋势。位于南方的大足石刻凝结水的生成速率最高,位于北方的云冈石窟的凝结水生成速率最低,龙门石窟的凝结水生成速率介于二者之间,这与3个石窟的自然地理位置和气候条件相关。

Longmen Grottoes were carved in the carbonate rocks,which are severely eroded by water,and condensation water disease is the non-ignorable problem.Qianxi Temple is a typical cave of Longmen Grottoes which have being suffered by the condensation water.The quantitative collection test of condensation water is an important tool to evaluate condensation water disease and to analysis the condensation water formation mechanism.The condensation rate and the amount of condensation water were determined by a special experimental facility at the site of Qianxi Temple in 2010.The tests mainly included the calibration test of the experimental facility and the quantification test of condensation water.From the calibration test,the curvilinear relationship between testing time and the error of the experimental facility was obtained;the condensation rate was derived by the quantification collection test at the different periods.The results reveal that the experimental error and testing time could be fitted into the linear relationship.In 2010,the amount of condensation water is 200.68 kg at Qianxi Temple,which is a considerable amount;the condensation rate is the fastest in morning and the slow-est at evening.The annual amount of condensation water fluctuated from 2006 to 2010 according to the analysis of previous research achievements,for the amount of condensation water varied with the annual climate change.Since 2008,the amount of condensation water has increased.The condensation rate of the Dazu Carved Stone which is located in the south is the fastest,and the Yungang Grottoes in the north is the slowest,and the Longmen Grottoes is situated between the this difference corresponds to the grottoes＇ respective geographical position and the climatic conditions.