华兹华斯生态学研究与生态批评的深层与浅层

The Problems of Deep and Shallow Ecological Criticisms Viewed from the Ecological Studies of Wordsworth’s Poems

深层生态学（Deep Ecology）与浅层生态学（Shallow Ecology）是生态学研究的一对范畴。它们各自具有自己的特点，在生态学发展中起到一定的作用。然而，它们各自带有极端化的倾向，用这样的标准进行文学研究，很难解读作家或作品中的生态学意义。本文通过对英国浪漫主义诗人华兹华斯诗歌生态学意义的研究，试图说明深层生态学批评和浅层生态学批评这对范畴存在的问题。研究内容包括华氏诗歌中的客观事物共同生命属性问题、客观事物之间的相互联系问题以及自然情感与人类情感的关系问题。

Deep ecology and shallow ecology are two opposite concepts, with their own features and respective roles in ecological studies. Due to the problem of polarization, however, they are not very effective in revealing the ecological sense of some writers or some literary works. This paper tries to illustrate these problems through the study of the ecological sense of William Wordsworth＇ s poems. It contains the studies of the common sentiment of being, the interconnections of objects and the relationship between the love of nature and the love of man.