果实(种子)多态性及生态学意义

Seed Heteromorphism and Its Ecological Significance

果实多态性是指同一植株产生不同形状或行为种子的现象。多态性种子植物主要分布于干旱半干旱区、荒漠和盐渍土地区等干扰强烈的环境,在菊科和藜科中最为常见,主要出现在一年生植物中。果实多态性在避免密集负效应、减弱同胞子代间的竞争、采取两头下注策略以适应时空异质性环境等方面具有重要的进化生态意义。该文系统总结了国内外果实多态性的研究工作,主要内容包括:1)果实多态性的概念,2)果实多态性物种的科属分类,3)多态果实的形态结构和生态学特性,4)果实多态性的生态意义。在综述文献的基础上,对今后的研究进行了展望。

Seed heteromorphism refers to the phenomenon of seeds of different forms or behavior produced by the same plant.Most heteromorphic plants studied are annuals,and species in Asteraceae and Chenopodiaceae are often faced with stochastic environments such as arid,semiarid,desert and saline soil.Seed heteromorphism is generally considered to play an important role in escaping from the negative effect of crowding,reducing sib competition and adapting to environment by following bet-hedging strategy.This paper deals with recent advances in seed heteromorphism research,and puts emphasis on 1） the conception of seed heteromorphism,2） the families and genera of the heteromorphic plants,3） morphology and ecological characteristics of heteromorphic seeds,4） ecological significance of seed heteromorphism.In addition,a discussion is made on prospects for further research in this area.