国际海底“人类共同继承财产”原则的困境与原因

The Dilemma and Cause of the Principle of International Seabed CHM

上世纪70年代联合国大会宣布国际海底及其资源为"人类共同继承财产",制定出国际海底制度并纳入1982年《联合国海洋法公约》,但此后该原则逐渐被削弱并陷入困境。主要原因有三:国际海底活动和国际海底管理局的工作由少数发达国家主导、"新自由主义"主导国际经济观念以及国际社会对海底的关注重点向生物多样性问题转移。

In the 1970s,the United Nations General Assembly declared that the international seabed area and its resources are the 'common heritage of mankind(CHM)'.The international seabed regime was then negotiated accordingly and incorporated into the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.However,the principle of CHM was weakened thereafter and now it is in dilemma.There are three main factors for this situation.First,the international seabed activities and the work of the International Seabed Bureau are under the control of a few developed countries;second,neo-liberalism dominates international economic concepts;third,the international community has shifted its concerns from mineral resources to marine biodiversity.