沧源蔗区土壤养分现状研究

Study of Soil Nutrients of Sugarcane Field Status in Cangyuan County

为了解甘蔗产区土壤养分状况,并根据养分丰缺情况进行合理科学的施肥,最终实现甘蔗高产高糖,对云南省临沧市沧源蔗区采集的185份土壤样品进行养分测定,结果表明：沧源蔗区土壤大部分呈微酸性,53.51%土壤样品的pH在5.5-6.5;有机质含量平均为2.74%;全氮含量极低,75.14%的土壤样品小于0.050%,平均为0.042%;碱解氮含量中等,平均为101.43mg/kg;全磷含量低,平均为0.082%;有效磷含量低,平均为6.33mg/kg;全钾含量低,52.97%的土壤样品含量在1.01%-1.50%,平均为1.403%;速效钾含量中等,平均为146.32mg/kg;微量元素有效锌缺乏,79.75%的含量低于1.5mg/kg;有效锰、有效铁和有效铜93%以上的土壤样品都高于临界值,铜、铁和锰不缺乏。根据土壤养分分析结果,在沧源蔗区建议有机肥结合速效氮磷钾复合肥施用,有利于甘蔗的高产高糖。

According to soil nutrient abundance and deficiency conditions, we carried out scientific and reasonable fertilization to sugarcane, and then sugarcane can ultimately achieve higher yield and sugar. Nutrients of 185 soil samples from Cangyuan County, Lincang Region, Yunnan Province were tested. The result indicated that most of soil samples were of slight acidity, the pH value of 53.51% samples were between 5.5 and 6.5, the average SOM reached to 2.74%, the total N was extremely low （75.14% samples of total N were less than 0.050% and the average total N reached to 0.042% only）, available N was medium with a average value 101.43 mg/kg, the total P and available P were low with average value 0.082% and 6.33 mg/kg respectively, the total K of 52.97% samples were between 1.01% and 1.50% and the average total K was 1.403% only indicated that the total K was low, available K was medium with a average value 146.32 mg/kg, Zn content of soil was available which 79.75% was lower than 1.5 mg/kg. 93% samples of available Mn, Fe and Cu were more than their critical value respectively indicated there were not Mn, Fe and Cu deficit among soil samples. According to results, the fertilizing way that organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer with available N, P and K were fertilized together in Cangyuan cane region should be applied in order to getting more cane and sugar yield.