以尊王贱霸倡王道理想——孟子王霸论探析

Advocating Benevolent Governing by Valuing Kingly Way and Devaluing Dictator's Way——A Rough Analysis on Mencius' Theory of Government

孟子在以德力、义利之辨凸显德、义作为王道内涵的不可取代性和价值优越性的基础上,对王道与仁政进行了具体论述。他认为,王道与仁政可概括为养教之两大端,即一为养民,二为重视统治者自身的道德修养以及对民众的道德教化,而其中尤重养民。就此而论,孟子的王道论具有一定的重效果和现实的倾向。但由于孟子道德—政治一体化的为政体系以统治者拥有仁德,即以其"仁心"为养民、教民的基础,使仁政成为仁心的铺陈与延展,具有明显的道德理想主义特征,从而使历史性的以礼乐之制为典范的王道政治在孔子之后进一步转化为价值性的王道理想,儒家的政治价值理想至此得以全面确立。

Mencius made a detailed discussion about benevolent governing on the basis of non -substitut- able and prior value of virtue as its connotation through the distinction of virtue and power, righteousness and profit. He believes that benevolent governing mainly refers to two points, one is to foster the common people and the other is to cultivate rulerg virtue and moralization of the masses, of which, the former is more important. From this point of view, Mencius＇idea of benevolent governing indicates the propensity of valuing real -world effect. However, owing to Mencius＇integrative moral and political governing based on ruler~ benevolence to cultivate and educating people, it makes benevolent governing to implement out of benevolent mind possible and reveals characteristically moral idealism, and further transfers historical benevolent governing exampled on ethical code of rites and music to value property of benevolent governing after Confucius, by which the political values and ideals of Confucian School can be completely established.