大法官释宪制度在近代中国的形成及其初步实践

The Formation of the Constitutional Interpretation System by Grand Justices and its Practice in Modern China

1946年旧政协起草的宪法草案对五五宪草进行了较大的修改,效仿美国将司法院明确规定为最高审判机关,并赋予大法官以宪法解释权。但是,由于最终公布的宪法文本上对这些规定作了文字表述上的调整,而司法院组织法也维持了既有的司法院体制,在司法院之外仍然存在最高法院,因此大法官并不审判具体案件,仅抽象地进行宪法解释,从而转向了欧陆式的违宪审查制度。

The 1946 Draft Constitution drawn up by the old Political Consultative Conference made some major changes to the May Fifth Draft Constitution.Following the example of the USA,it prescribed Judicial Yuan as the highest judicial organ and conferred the power to interpret constitution on the grand justices.However,as the final version of the Constitution made some changes in wording regarding these provisions and the Organic Act of Judicial Yuan maintained the existing Judicial Yuan system,which established the Supreme Court besides the Judicial Yuan,the Grand Justices were not entitled to decide specific cases but to interpret constitution Abstractly,which thereby turned the system to continental constitutional review system.