北京市成年居民腹泻相关行为危险因素研究

Study on the risk factors of diarrhea-related behaviors among adults in Beijing

目的了解北京市成年居民腹泻相关危险行为。方法2010年12月至次年1月，采用多阶段分层抽样法从北京市东城、西城、海淀、昌平、怀柔、通州6个区抽取13287名18岁以上居民作为调查对象，调查人口学特征、过去1年是否出现腹泻症状和腹泻相关行为等。结果北京市居民过去1年腹泻症状报告率为17．6％，城区和郊区分别为16．8％、18．2％。城区不同年龄组、不同文化程度、不同职业居民间腹泻症状报告率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。“生食海产品或淡水产品”、“使用砧板或刀具加工食物时生熟不分”、“不经常锻炼身体”等行为是城区居民腹泻的危险因素，OR值（95％CI）分别为1．26（1．07～1．48）、1．37（1．16～1．63）、1．38（1．20～1．59）。郊区不同性别、不同年龄组、不同文化程度、不同职业居民间腹泻症状报告率的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）.“饭前便后不洗手”、“生食海产品或淡水产品”、“使用砧板或刀具加工食物时生熟不分”、“不经常锻炼身体”等行为是郊区曙民腹泻的危险因素，OR值（95％CI）分别为1．85（1．51～2．25）、1．39（1．17～1．67）、1．44（1．24～1．67）、1．46（1．27～1．67）。结论北京市郊区居民腹泻报告率高于城区，腹泻的发生与不良卫生习惯、饮食习惯及未进行适度体育锻炼等行为密切相关。

Objective To study the risk behaviors on diarrhea among the adults of Beijing. Methods 13 287 adults aged over 18 years in Dongcheng, Xicheng, Haidian, Changping, Huairou and Tongzhou districts in Beijing were selected with a multi-stage stratified sampling method. Information on the demographic characteristics, with or without symptoms on diarrhea in the last year, and behaviors related to diarrhea, were collected through a self-designed questionnaire. Results The reported total prevalence of diarrhea symptoms in the last year was 17.6% and, in urban areas as 16.8% , in rural areas as 18.2% respectively. The differences on the reported prevalence rates of diarrhea in different age groups, background of education and occupations groups among urban residents were statistically significant （P〈0.05）. Items as eating raw seafood or freshwater products, using the same chopping block and knife at the time when processing raw and cooked food, not being used to regular physical exercise etc. were the risk factors to diarrhea among adults from urban areas, with OR （95% CI） as 1.26 （ 1.07-1.48）, 1.37 （ 1.16-1.63 ） and 1.38 （ 1.20-1.59）, respectively. The reported diarrhea prevalence rates related to sex, age, education background and occupations among rural residents did not show significant differences （P〉0.05）. Without hand-washing habit before eating or after toilet-using, eating raw seafood or freshwater products, using the same chopping block and knife at the time when processing raw and cooked food, not being used to regular physical exercise etc. seemed to be the risk factors on diarrhea among adults in the rural areas with the 0R（95%CI） as 1.85 （1.51-2.25）, 1.39 （1.17-1.67）, 1.44 （1.24-1.67） and 1.46 （1.27-1.67）, respectively. Conclusion The prevalence reported on diarrhea symptoms among adults from the rural areas was higher than the urban adults. Diarrhea was related to health-related habits, eating habits and regularity of taking physical exercises.