论清末俄国东方学院的中国学教育及其影响

Sinology Education and Its Influence on Russian Eastern College of Qing Dynasty

清朝末年,随着沙皇俄国侵华步伐的不断加快,为了满足俄国政府对汉、满、蒙等东方语言实用性人才的需求,俄国政府在符拉迪沃斯托克创建了东方学院,以开展培养工作,中国学教育是其重中之重。东方学院制定了明确的培养方案,并开设了中国学专业,聘请了许多有名的中国学教师及外籍教师。正因为俄国东方学院是应政府所需而建,因此,实用性是其中国学教育的最大特点。东方学院的中国学教育不仅对俄国自身,而且对中俄关系的发展产生了深远影响:为俄国社会培养了大批实践型人才,其中的一部分人充当了侵华的急先锋;主观上服务于俄国政府,客观上加强了中俄文化交流;进一步推动了为现实服务的俄国中国学的发展;为俄国继续培养实践型外语翻译人才积累了大量经验。

At the end of Qing Dynasty, as Russia invaded China, in order to satisfy the Russian government＇s need to the language practical talents of Han, Meng, Man and so on. Russian government set up the Eastern college in Vladivostok. In order to teach students better, sinology education became the key point of education. Cultivation plane was made, sinology major was set up and lots of famous teachers at home and abroad were employed. This college was set up to satisfy the government＇s needs. Therefore, practice was the biggest characteristic of sinology education, which not only had great influence on the Sino - Russiarelationship, but also cultivated a great many pratical talents, some of whom were the poineers of invading China. This college served for Russian government on the surface, but in fact it enhaced the Sino - Russian communication, advanced the development of Russian sinology education and accumulated a lot of experience for cultivating interpreters.