宋明武举比较研究

A Comparison of Martial Examination between Song and Ming Dynasties

明代武举武学在借鉴唐宋(尤其是宋)制度的基础上,形成了自己的特色。宋明武举的异同,既是文武分途的趋势使然,又是我国"文治"社会进一步完善的表现,也是中央集权加强的必然。文章就宋明武举的应考资格、考试程序、考试内容与科目、录取名额、考务进行比较,指出其实效都未能实现其初衷,故遭到严厉的批判,然而在没有更好的制度出现时,这一制度却又持续到了清末。

On the basis of the martial arts and martial examination of Tang and Song Dynasties（especially Song Dynasty）,the martial arts of Ming Dynasty formed its own characteristics.The differences and similarities of the martial arts between Song and Ming Dynasties were due both to the separation between civil and martial arts and the demonstration of the perfection of civil administration.This is also the inevitable result of the centrality of government＇s authority.This paper makes a comparison on examination qualification,examination procedure,examination content and subject,admission,examination administration between Song and Ming Dynasties.Although this system was severely criticized because the original intentions were not realized,it lasted to the end of Qing Dynasty because there was no better one to replace it.