“漫”作禁戒否定副词考——兼论“曼”、“谩”、“慢”等

The Study on the Chinese Character "Man(漫)" Used as Negative Adverb Meaning Prohibition——and on Other Characters like "Man(曼)"," Man(谩)",and "Man(慢)" etc.

"漫"是古今汉语中均较常见的词语之一,至少在唐代,就可以用作禁戒否定副词。"漫"作禁戒否定副词的演变轨迹为:大水→水满外溢→多→不受约束,散漫,放浪→随便地,胡乱地→枉,徒然,白白地→表示禁戒否定。另外,"曼"、"谩"、"慢"等在字形、语音、意义方面都与"漫"关系密切,而且也都可以用作禁戒否定副词。但"谩"、"慢"作禁戒否定副词主要是因其与"漫"相通的缘故,并非自身演变的结果。

The Chinese character ＂man （漫）＂ is a common one in ancient and modem Chinese. Even in the Tang Dynasty, ＂Man＂ had already been used as a negative adverb meaning prohibition. The following is the route indicating the evolution of the negative adverb ＂man（漫）＂ flood→water overspill →more→unfettered, undisciplined, and unrestrained→casually and randomly→vain, in vain, in vain that→negative adverb meaning prohibition. In addition, Chinese characters like ＂man （曼）＂, ＂man （谩） ＂, and ＂ man （慢）＂, etc have close relationship with ＂man（漫） ＂ in shape, voice, and meaning, and they can also be used as negative adverbs meaning prohibition. ＂ man （谩）＂ and ＂man （慢）＂ are used as negative adverbs because they are interchangeable with ＂man （漫）＂ despite of their evolution.