大学生创业的动态考察与思索——以北京市为例

Dynamic Investigation and Thinking of University Student's Entrepreneurship——With Beijng as an Example

近三年的连续调查表明,北京高校大学毕业生创业的比例不高,创业大学生的经营状况也比较困难,没成为我国创业型发展的主要推动力量。大学生创业率较低的成因是多方面的,一是大学生创业意识薄弱,具有生存型创业意愿的分别占43.9%、45.8%、42.9%,宁可失业也不选择创业的占32.2%、20.6%、25.7%;二是大学生创业能力不足,90%的大学生不具备足够的创业能力;三是创业环境较差。应采取多种措施全面推进大学生创业,大学生要提高创业意识和创业能力;高校要大力发展创业教育,加大宣传,扩大创业教育规模,提高教育质量;政府要形成尊重创业的社会氛围,建立创业基金,成立专业化服务机构,深化户籍、社会保障制度改革,制定优惠政策,优化创业环境,以推动我国大学生创业活动。

Nearly three years of continuous surveys show that college graduates in Beijing is low,business operations of the college students is also difficult,didn＇t become China＇s entrepreneurial type development.The reasons are various,First,university student＇s pioneering work consciousness is weak,has the survival entrepreneurial intend accounted for 43.9%,45.8%,42.9%,and choose not to venture accounted for 32.2%,20.6%,25.7%.Second,college students pioneering capacity is insufficient,90 percent of college students don＇t have enough ability.Third,entrepreneurship environment is bad.Should take various measures to promote students business,college students should improve the pioneering consciousness and creative ability.Universities should vigorously develop entrepreneurship education,tighten propaganda and expand education scale,improve business education quality.Government should be formed respect undertaking-starting and social atmosphere,establish venture fund,established the professional service agencies,deepen the household register,social security system,formulate preferential policy,optimizing business environment,so as to promote entrepreneurship college students in China.