气象因子对小麦生育后期影响分析

Analysis on Influence of Meteorological Factor on Late Growth Stage of Wheat

[目的]研究气象因子对小麦生育后期的影响。[方法]采用1979～2008年5月的降水、光照和安阳市同时期小麦单产资料,采用农业气候统计方法分析了小麦生育后期(5月份)气象条件对安阳市小麦产量的正负影响,并研究了该市小麦生育后期青干危害的原因及防御措施。[结果]当5月份日照百分率>55%、降水量<45 mm时,小麦普遍增产;阴雨寡照,特别是月降水量>80 mm、月日照百分率<55%时,小麦普遍减产。小麦后期阴雨、水涝容易造成青干减产,而少雨甚至干旱并没有对小麦丰收有明显不利。在5月降水过多或时间过长,空气湿度过大,影响了正常的水分供应和无机养分的输送;同时后期阴雨时间越长,日照时间越短,光照强度减弱,不利于光合产物的积累,影响了灌浆过程的正常进行。应采取排水防涝、选育良种、科学种植、合理灌溉等措施来防治小麦青干减产。[结论]该研究为小麦品种改良、科学种植、合理灌溉及小麦优质高产等技术研究提供科学依据。

[Objective] The research aimed to study influence of meteorological factor on late growth stage of wheat.[Method] Based on precipitation,sunshine and wheat yield data in Anyang City in May of 1979-2008,the positive and negative influences of meteorological condition in late growth stage of wheat（May） on wheat yield in Anyang City were analyzed by using agricultural climatic statistical method.Moreover,the reason and defense measures of green-dry hazard in late growth stage of wheat in the city were studied.[Result] When the sunshine percentage in May 55%,and rainfall 45 mm,the wheat yield generally increased.But when it was overcast and rainy,and the sunshine was less,especially monthly rainfall 80 mm,and monthly sunshine percentage 〈55%,the wheat yield generally reduced.The overcast and rainy weather,flood at late growth stage of wheat were easy to cause green-dry yield reduction.The rainless weather and drought were obviously unfavorable for good harvest of wheat.In May,when precipitation was too more,or duration was too long,and the air humidity was too big,the normal water supply and inorganic nutrient transmission were affected.Meanwhile,when the overcast and rainy weather was longer,the sunshine was shorter,and the sunshine intensity weakened at late stage,it wasn＇t favorable for accumulation of photosynthetic product,and the normal implementing of grouting process was affected.The measures should be used to prevent and control green-dry yield reduction of wheat,such as discharging water and preventing flood,breeding good seed,scientific planting and reasonable irrigation.[Conclusion] The research provided scientific basis for studying variety improvement,scientific plantation,reasonable irrigation,good quality and high yield of wheat.