近50年商丘气温的时空变化特征分析

Analysis on Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics of Temperature in Shangqiu in Recent 50 Years

[目的]分析1961～2010年商丘市气温的时空变化特征。[方法]选用商丘8个气象站点1961～2010年的气温资料,采用趋势分析法分析商丘市年平均气温、年平均最高和最低气温、年极端最高和最低气温以及年平均气温日较差的时空演变特征,利用M-K等方法确定气温突变年。[结果]年平均气温、年平均最低气温和年极端最低气温分别以0.122、0.255和0.488℃/10a的速率上升;年平均最高气温变化趋势不明显;年平均气温日较差和年极端最高气温分别以-0.217和-0.292℃/10a的速率下降。从空间分布上看,年平均气温、年平均最低气温和年极端最低气温均为东部增幅大,西部增幅小;年平均气温日较差东部减幅大,西部减幅小;年极端最高气温西部减幅大,东部减幅小;年平均最高气温有增有减。年平均气温、年平均最低气温和年平均气温日较差均在1997年前后发生突变;年平均最高气温没有明显的突变点;年极端最高气温在1973年前后发生突变;年极端最低气温分别在1989和1999年前后发生突变。[结论]该研究对商丘市农业生产结构调整、区域气候规划、合理利用气候资源和应对气候变化起着重要指导意义。

[Objective] The research aimed to analyze temporal and spatial variation characteristics of temperature in Shangqiu City during 1961-2010.[Method] Based on temperature data in eight meteorological stations of Shangqiu during 1961-2010,by using trend analysis method,the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of annual average temperature,annual average maximum and minimum temperatures,annual extreme maximum and minimum temperatures,daily range of annual average temperature in Shangqiu City were analyzed.M-K method was used to determine mutation year of temperature.[Result] The annual average temperature,annual average minimum temperature and annual extreme minimum temperature respectively rose at 0.122,0.255 and 0.488 ℃/10a.The variation trend of annual average maximum temperature wasn＇t obvious.The daily range of annual average temperature and annual extreme maximum temperature respectively declined at-0.217 and-0.292 ℃/10a.Seen from spatial distribution,the increase amplitudes of annual average temperature,annual average minimum temperature and annual extreme minimum temperature were all large in the east and small in the west.The decrease amplitude of daily range of annual average temperature was large in the east and small in the west.The decrease amplitude of annual extreme maximum temperature was large in the west and small in the east.The annual average maximum temperature had trends of increase and decrease.The annual average temperature,annual average minimum temperature and daily range of annual average temperature all mutated in 1997.The annual average maximum temperature didn＇t have obvious mutation point.The annual extreme maximum temperature mutated in 1973.The annual extreme minimum temperature respectively mutated in 1989 and 1999.[Conclusion] The research played important guidance significances in adjustment of agricultural production structure,regional climate planning,reasonably using climate resource and replying climate change in Shangqiu City.