学校体育伤害事故责任制度研究

Liability System of Injury Accident in School Sports

我国将学校体育伤害事故与其他学生伤害事故等同看待,没有考虑学校体育的教育规定性及本身具有伤害事故发生的风险性等特质,过多的采用了公平责任原则,对学校和教师过于严格的归责,使得学校不得不采取限制开展体育活动的规避措施,伤害了学校发展学校体育的积极性。基于此,运用法学、体育学等知识通过综合分析法、比较分析法、案例分析法等研究方法,既考虑体育的特殊性又考虑法律的法定性对学校体育伤害事故责任问题进行了系统研究。提出了建立以过错责任为主导,以甘冒风险原则为补充的归责体系;设立学校责任保险以减轻学校、教师的赔偿责任;明确学校体育伤害事故中政府是责任主体之一。以保证学校体育工作的正常开展,维护学校、体育教师和学生的合法权益。

In China, the sports injury accident is coped similar to other school injury accidents, which method is not taking the risk during the sports education into consideration. Fair liability principle is adopted more and more. School and teachers bear more responsibilities. The school has to reduce the sports activities for avoiding take responsibilities. The authors used methods of complex analysis, comparative analysis, and case analysis. In the authors＂ views, the fault principle should be the major principle and risk prone principle should be supplementary. In addition, liability insurance should be adopt- ed by school to reduce the responsibility of school amt teachers to ensure the legitimate rights of schools, teachers and students.