清末民初中英(印)关系中的“西藏问题”——清末民初中国政府维护西藏主权的努力

Tibet Issue in Sino-British(Indian) relations in the Early 20th Century

在国际资本主义从自由阶段发展到垄断阶段,争夺殖民地的矛盾空前尖锐的20世纪初,英国殖民主义图谋进一步侵略和独霸西藏。西藏成为这一时期中国和英国关系中的核心问题和外交斗争的焦点。外交上一贯妥协退让的晚清政府和民国初年政府,在西藏问题上虽然也曾一让再让,但是,还是做了一系列的努力以维护国家主权,终于使得西藏没有像外蒙古那样从中国分裂出去。

In early 20th century,when the international capitalism evolved from free stage into monopoly stage,the competition for colonial interests was unprecedentedly sharp.United Kingdom colonialism was attempting to further invading and controlling Tibet.Tibet became the core issue in China-UK relations as well as the focus of diplomatic struggle during this period.The late Qing and early Republic of China government,which always compromised on the foreign affairs,however,had made series of efforts to safeguard state sovereignty so that Tibet did not split from China.This article uses the official archives of late Qing dynasty and the Republic of China,to discuss Tibet issue in the Sino-British(Indian) relations during those years.