不同治理模式下沙质草原区风蚀破口植被恢复效果研究

Effects of Vegetation Restoration in Sandy Grassland Blowout Pits under Different Controlling Measures

选取浑善达克沙地南缘沙质草原风蚀破口不同植被恢复模式,对人工林和林下草本层、土壤进行调查,研究了采取不同治理措施9年后的恢复效果。结果表明:在7种不同治理措施下,造林树种生长状况良好,保存率均达到85%以上;在不同模式下,林下草本层发育和生长受到明显影响。樟子松+山杏混交林、柠条锦鸡儿纯林模式下,林下草本植物丰富度和盖度较高。黄柳+杨柴+小叶锦鸡儿混交林下草本种类少,盖度和地上生物量较低。杨树+沙棘混交林、柠条锦鸡儿纯林草本群落中赖草、冰草占优势。沙棘和杨柴林下草本层以沙蓬、黄蒿、雾冰藜等1、2年生沙生植物为主;杨树+沙棘混交林和沙棘纯林林下枯落物较多,其次为黄柳+杨柴+小叶锦鸡儿混交林和杨柴人工林,其他模式下还没有积累枯落物;樟子松+山杏、杨树+沙棘混交林、樟子松林0～40 cm土壤含水率维持在4%～8%之间。黄柳+杨柴+小叶锦鸡儿混交林、柠条锦鸡儿和沙棘人工林下土壤含水率均低于3%,而且在不同土层之间差异较小。

The effects of artificial vegetation restoration in sandy grassland blowout pits under different controlling measures after nine years have been studied.The results show： under seven kinds of different management measures,the plantations grow well,the survival rates of afforestation are more than 85%,and the different measures have influenced the development and growth of herbaceous layer.In the afforestation model of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica＋Prunus armeniaca,Caragana korshinskii,herb layers had the highest species abundance and high coverage.On the contrary,the mode of Salix gordeivii＋Hedysarum fruticosum var.mongolicum＋Caragana microphylla has lower coverage and aboveground biomass.In model of Populus L.＋Hippophae rhamnoides,Caragana korshinskii herb layers,Leymus secalinus and Agropyron cristatum are predominate.Hippophae rhamnoides and Hedysarum fruticosum var.mongolicum herb layers are mainly dominated by annual plants.The amount of litter layer in Populus L.＋Hippophae rhamnoides and Hippophae rhamnoides pure forest is bigger than the mixed forest of Salix gordeivii＋Hedysarum fruticosum var.mongolicum＋ Caragana microphylla and Hedysarum fruticosum var.mongolicum plantation.And there isn＇t the accumulation of litter in other models.The soil water content at 0~40 cm layer maintained at 4%~8% in Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica＋Prunus armeniaca,Populus L.＋Hippophae rhamnoides and Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica.In Caragana korshinskii,Salix gordeivii＋Hedysarum fruticosum var.mongolicum＋Caragana microphylla and Hippophae rhamnoides forest,the soil water content was lower than 3%,with little difference among different soil layers.