冷战后美国维和政策的演变及特征

The Changes and Characteristics of U.S. Peacekeeping Policy after the Cold War

冷战结束以来,美国的维和政策经历了三次大的演变:从"有效的国际主义"到"坚定的多边主义",从"有选择的多边主义"到"美国式的国际主义",最后回归到"有效的多边主义"。虽然变动不居,但从本质上讲,美国的维和政策基本上遵循着一条主线,即美国对联合国维和行动的支持和参与程度,取决于美国政府对维和行动与美国国家利益的关系的认知,以及国内压力(国会、民众)与这一认知间的复杂互动。

Since the end of the Cold War, U.S. peacekeeping policy has undergone three major changes: from Effective Internationalism to Assertive Multilateralism, from Selective Multilateralism to American Internationalism, and currently to Effective Multilateralism. Although U.S. peacekeeping policy sometimes seems to be inconsistent or even contradictory, it has been basically developing along a main line, that is, the extent of U.S. support of and participation in peacekeeping operations depends on U.S. government's perception of the relation between its national interests and the operations, as well as on the complex interaction between the government's perception and the domestic pressure from the Congress and the public.