接种菌剂条件下玉米秸秆还田对玉米产量、品质和土壤肥力的影响

The Effect of Maize Straw Returning on the Yield and Quality of Maize and Soil Fertility under Microbial Inoculums

通过田间试验研究接种菌剂条件下玉米秸秆还田对玉米产量、品质以及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,除可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量、植株磷含量和吸收量以外,施肥处理各项指标均优于对照。与单施化肥处理相比,化肥配施玉米秸秆直接还田导致玉米产量、农艺性状、品质和植株氮素与钾素含量下降,但接种菌剂能够改善农艺性状,降低减产幅度,而且能够改善玉米籽品质,提高植株氮素与钾素养分含量及吸收量。不同菌剂处理间以FSB2农艺性状较好,而品质和植株养分无明显差异。另外,化肥配施玉米秸秆直接还田能够增强土壤酶活性、提高土壤养分有效性,接种菌剂时效果更佳,在土壤养分方面以FSB2效果较好,而土壤酶无明显差异。说明接种降解菌剂有利于提高秸秆还田效果。

A field experiment planted with Maize was conducted for investigating the impact of maize straw returning to the field with microbial inoculums on yield, quality and soil fertility. Results showed that all indices of fertilizer treatments tested were better than those of the control except the content of soluble solids, soluble sugar, uptake and content of phosphorus. Compared with the chemical fertilizer treatment, the yield, agronomic characters, quality and the content of nitrogen and potassium of straw mixed chemical fertilizer treatment were declined, while applied with microbial inoculums could release the reduction of yield, but also improve the agronomic characters, quality of maize grain, increase the content and uptake of nitrogen and potassium nutrient. The agronomic characters of FSB2 was better than those of FSB1, but the quality of maize grain and nutrient of plant had no difference. In addition, compared with the control and chemical fertilizer treatment, the soil enzyme activities and availability of soil nutrients were enhanced applied straw mixed with chemical fertilizer, the effects of FSB1 and FSB2 were better. Furthermore, the availability of soil nutrients of FSB2 was better than those of FSB1, while there was no difference of soil enzyme activities between FSBI and FSB2. The results indicated that inoculation of straw decomposition agents was good for straw returning to field.