不同覆盖绿肥在云南开割胶园的生态适应性研究

Ecological Adaptability of Different Mulch Green Manure in Yunnan Tapped Rubber Plantation

开展40种覆盖绿肥在云南开割橡胶园的生长情况、繁殖能力和生物学特性观测,着重研究长势良好的绿肥产量、对雨水的截留率,并探讨绿肥产量、保水效果与盖度、长势的相关性。结果表明:线苞两型豆、毛蔓豆、距瓣豆、羽叶决明、大叶山蚂蝗、假地豆、大叶拿身草、卵叶山蚂蝗、十一叶木蓝、葛、爪哇葛藤、硬毛宿苞豆和白花灰叶豆等共13种绿肥在云南开割胶园适应性强,开发潜力较大。灌木、亚灌木植株的干物质积累量高于藤本或草本,而灌木、亚灌木植株对雨水的截留率低于藤本或草本。为取得最佳的覆盖效果,筛选绿肥时应考虑灌木、亚灌木与草本、藤本相结合。今后需开展定位试验以长期监测研究不同覆盖绿肥在开割胶园的生态适应性。

A field experiment was conducted to screen mulch green manure that can effectively conserve soil and water, improve soil fertility and make full use of low-light resources at tapped rubber plantation in Yunnan. The growth, biological characteristics, yield and covering effect of 40 kinds of leguminous green manure and their correlation were measured and evaluated. The results showed that 13 kinds of leguminous green manure had good ecological adaptability in tapped rubber plantation. Those green manure included A mphicarpaea linearis Chun ＆ T. C. Chen, Calopogonium mucunoides Desv., Centrosema pubescens Benth, Chamaecrasta nictitans, Desmodium gangeticum（L.）DC., Desmodium heterocarpon（L.）DC., Desmodium laxiflorum DC., Desmodium ovalifolium, lndigofera spicata Forsk. Pueraria lobata（Willd.）Ohwi, Pueraria phaseoloides Benth var. javanica Baker, Shuteria hirsuta Baker, Tephrosia candida DC. Dry matter accumulation quantity of bush was higher than herbage and vine. Soil and water conservation of herbage and vine were higher than the shrubs and bushes. To achieve the best mulching effect, bush, vine and herbs should be combined when screening mulch green manure. The long-term research should be founded to study ecological adaptability of different mulch green manure in Yunnan tapped rubber plantation in the future.