武汉地区企业职业危害现状调查分析

Investigation on the status of occupational hazards of enterprises in Wuhan

目的掌握武汉地区企业职业危害现状,为制定职业病防治对策提供依据。方法设计统一调查表,统一培训调查人员,到企业进行现场调查。结果共调查企业2 891家,存在职业病危害的企业有1 369家,占被调查企业数的47.35%;调查企业工人604 892人,接触职业危害的为147 612人,占职工总数的24.40%。接触职业危害因素女工人数占接触职业危害总人数的19.03%,接触职业危害农民工人数占35.58%。C类制造业有42.39%的企业存在职业危害,接触粉尘、化学毒物及物理因素危害的人数最多,E类建筑业有66.46%的企业存在职业危害,接触粉尘、化学毒物及物理因素危害的人数处于第二位。40.31%的企业未设置职业卫生管理机构,监测覆盖率仅为19.4%。岗前体检率为28.34%,岗中体检率为72.36%。结论武汉地区企业存在职业危害的企业多、涉及面广,接触职业危害的女工和农民工比例较高,职业病危害监测覆盖率以及部分行业的职业健康体检率未达到国家有关规定。

Objective To investigate the status of occupational hazards of the enterprises in Wuhan and provide basis for establishing countermeasures in occupational disease prevention. Methods Unified questionnaire was made, investigators were trained, and on-the-spot investigation practice was performed. Results There were 2 891 enterprises being investigated, occupational hazards factors existed in 1369, occupying 47. 35% of the total enterprises. The number of workers investigated was 604 892, with 147 612 exposed to occupational hazards factors, occupying 24. 40% of the total workers. Among the exposed workers ,female workers accounted for 19. 03%, m/grant workers, 35.58%. Occupational hazards existed in 42. 39% of the manufacturing industry, most of the workers were exposed to dusts, chemical poisons and physical factors. One of the building industries （66.46%） ranked the second. 40. 31% of the total enterprises investigated had no occupational health administrative organization, only 19.4% of the enterprises had carried out occupational hazards monitoring. The pre-employment physical examination rate of workers exposed to occupational hazards was 28.34%, while on-the-job physical examination rate was 72. 36%. Conclusions There were a large number of enterprises having occupational hazards in Wuhan, involving various aspects. The majority of occupational hazards contactors were females and migrant workers. The rate of occupational hazards monitoring was low and physical examination rate of some enterprises was below the national standard.