自然条件下滤减紫外辐射对烤烟生长及品质的影响

Effects of Attenuated UV Radiation on Growth and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves under Natural Condition

为研究紫外辐射对丽江特色优质烟叶形成的影响,采用盆栽试验,用100%(对照),7.6%,62.2%,51.4%4种不同紫外辐射透过率的透明薄膜进行遮盖,研究其对烤烟生长及品质的影响。结果表明:(1)进行紫外辐射滤减后,烤烟农艺性状与对照差异不明显。(2)对照比各处理在烤烟生长的前期合成更多的光合色素,但从旺长后期开始其降解速度加快;随着紫外辐射增强,光合速率下降,各处理较对照分别下降2,2.4,4.1μmol/(m^2·s)。(3)随着紫外辐射强度的降低,烟叶栅栏组织厚度和叶片厚度减小,各处理分别减少6.72,10.04,8.84μm和23.46,28.98,22.98μm。对照与处理之间差异极显著,但处理之间差异不明显。(4)一定范围内紫外辐射的增强能促进烟叶糖类化合物的合成,不利于含氮化合物的积累,对钾和氯含量无明显影响。随着紫外辐射的滤减,上部叶、中部叶、下部叶总糖分别减少2.75%～6.68%,3.37%～6.13%,0.98%～1.66%;上部叶、中部叶、下部叶还原糖分别减少0.42%～2.47%,0.63%～4.22%,3.40%～5.68%;上部叶、中部叶总氮分别增加0.21%～0.71%,0.05%～0.39%,下部叶减少0.07%～0.25%;上部叶、中部叶、下部叶烟碱分别增加0.14%～1.22%,0.05%～0.87%,0.34%～0.82%。

In order to study the effects of UV radiation on forming of regional high quality tobacco leaves in Lijiang, flue-cured tobacco was potted under different types of transparent films which were used to reduce solar UV radiation and the UVR penetration rates were 77.6%, 62.2%, 51.4% respective ly, take 100% （natural light） as check, to study the effects of UVR on growth and quality of fluecured tobacco leaves. The results showed that ： （ 1 ） The difference of agronomic traits of these 4 treatmerits were not significant after UVR attenuated ; （2） In the early stage of tobacco growth, chlorophyll content of tobacco leaves increased when the UVR enhanced, chlorophyll content of CK decreased significantly in late of vigorous growing stage; photosynthesis rate decreased as UVR enhanced, each treatments were decreased 2, 2.4, 4. 1 ~mol/ （m2 ~ s）, respectively. （3） As the UVR attenuated, tobacco leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness were decreased, each treatments were decreased 6.72, 10. 04, 8. 84 and 23.46, 28.98, 22.98 ~m, respectively. Difference between CK and other treatments were significant, while difference between each treatments were not significant. （4） When UVR enhanced in certain limits, sugar compounds in tobacco leaves was increased, nitrogen compounds was decreased, but had no significant influence on carotenoid and potassium compounds. As the UVR attenuated, total sugar in upper leaves, middle leaves, lower leaves reduced by 2.75% 6.68%, 3.37% ～ 6. 13%, 0. 98%～1.66%, respectively; reducing sugar reduced by 0. 42%～ 2.47%, 0. 63% ～4.22%, 3.40%～5. 68% ; total nitrogen in upper leaves, middle leaves increased by 0. 21% ～0. 71% , 0. 05%～0. 39%, while lower leaves reduced by 0. 07%～0. 25% ; nicotine increased by 0, 14% ～1.22%, 0. 05% ～0.87%, 0.34%～0. 82%.