施用不同微生物肥对烤烟生长发育及品质的影响

Effects of Different Microbial Fertilizer Application on Growth and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

为了探究不同微生物肥料对烤烟生长发育及品质的作用,在云南丽江永胜采用大田试验比较了德根贝和保得两种土壤微生物肥及移栽时施用和移栽成活后施用两种施用方法对烤烟大田期、生物量和根系、烟叶叶绿素、农艺性状、大田病害发生、经济性状、烟叶化学成分的影响。结果表明:(1)施用德根贝对生物量和根系的效应好于施用保得,施用德根贝使根鲜重、茎鲜重、叶鲜重、根深度、根幅、根干重、叶干重、茎干重分别显著增加14.4%～15.6%,7.9%～13.8%,29.1%～47.6%,7.9%～10.6%,12.4%～16.1%,7.1%～12.2%,1.33%～2.22%,6.3%～10.2%。(2)德根贝增加节距、株高、茎围、叶片数、下部叶(第2叶)叶面积、中部叶(第9叶)叶面积、上部叶(第17叶)叶面积分别为2.0%～5.0%,8.6%～9.7%,8.0%～11.1%,9.8%～14%,8.6%～9.7%,9.9%～11.3%,16.3%～20.6%,63.9%～75.1%。(3)施用保得和德根贝对经济性状效应明显,增加的幅度德根贝较保得大,施用德根贝使上等烟、中上等烟比例、产量、产值、均价、级指、产指分别增加1.40%,5.93%,10.88%,15.68%,4.71%,4.62%,15.67%。

The field experiment was conducted to compare effects of the two microbial fertilizers ＂Degenbei＂ and ＂Baode＂ and two fertilizing methods on growth stages, biomass, root system and other properties of flue-cured tobacco in Yongsheng County, Lijiang city. The results showed that ： （ 1 ） ＂Degenbei＂ was better than ＂Baode＂ in biomass and root system, ＂ Degenbei＂ made root fresh weight, stem fresh weight, leaf fresh weight, root length, root width, root dry weight, leaf dry weight and stem dry weight increase by 14.4% ～15.6%, 7.9%～13.8%, 29. 1%～47.6%, 7.9%～10.6%, 12.4% ～16.1%, 7.1%～12.2%, 1.33%～2.22%, 6.3%～10.2%, respectively. （2） ＂Degenbei＂ increased node length, height, stem diameter, effective leaves, lower leaf area （ the second leaf）, central leaf area （ the ninth leaf） and upper leaf area （ the seventh leaf） by with 2. 0%～5.0%, 8.6%～9.7%, 8.0%～11.1%, 9.8%～14%, 8.6%～9.7%, 9.9%～11.3%, 16.3%～20.6%, 63.9%～75.1%, respectively. （ 3 ） It was obvious that ＂ Degenhei＂ and ＂Baode＂ were favorite to economic characters. The economic characters of ＂Degenbei＂ were greater than that of ＂Baode＂. ＂Degenbei＂ increased ratio of high grade, ratio of high and middle grade, yield, output value, average price, level index and production index by 1.40% , 5.93% , 10. 88% , 15.68%, 4. 71%, 4.62%, and 15.67%, respectively.